Adult Sexual Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 836 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Development Essay Did you like this example? Biological Foundations of Adult Sexual Development Christina Parker PSY/340 Biological Psychology Instructor: Rebecca Wilson June 12, 2010 Biological Foundations of Adult Sexual Development How humans develop prenatally Humans start out as a cell that is formed from the mother’s egg and the father’s sperm. The egg and sperm carry 23 single chromosomes each and when fertilization takes place the 23 chromosomes then become paired. â€Å"All genetically normal humans, regardless of their sex, share 22 pairs of chromosomes and only one pair is different† (Wickens, 2005, p. 204). The different pair is the sex chromosomes (X and Y). A female is (X, X) and a male is (X, Y). As the cell develops into a fetus there are several hormones involved. These hormones continue to work throughout the human body as we grow from an infant into an adult. The hormones effect our sexual development and sexuality. Affects of hormones on a fetus As the fetus grows it will phys ically appear gender neutral, but at about 6 week gestation the Y chromosome, if present, will release a chemical called testis-determining factor which causes the internal male sex organs to start forming. If the Y chromosome is not present then this chemical is not released and the internal female sex organs will start to form. The male hormones that cause the external organs to develop are called androgens, without these we would all have female external sex organs (Spencer A. Rathus, 2005). Some of the different androgens are: testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). If any of these hormones are missing or do not release the amount they are suppose to at the time they are suppose to the fetus will have genetic sexual disorders such as: Klinefelter syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, pseudo-hermaphrodite, and testicular feminisation syndrome (Wickens, 2005). The lack of these hormones not only affects the physical appearance o f the fetus, but also the sexual behavior as the child grows into an adult. Affects of hormones on a growing child As a child grows and hit puberty hormones come into play again. At puberty the testes and ovaries come under the control of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (Wickens, 2005). â€Å"To be more precise, the release of sex hormones begins with the hypothalamus, which secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which diffuses through the hypophyseal portal blood vessels to the anterior part of the pituitary† (Wickens, 2005, p. 209). Next GnRH cause the anterior pituitary to release luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which are then transported to the gonads. Some other hormones that come onto play are testosterone and estrogen. There are genetic conditions that cause issues during puberty as well as into adulthood. Any of the conditions that were mentioned earlier will have issues during puberty ranging from a lack of mens truation for females and a development of breast in males. Behavior can also be affected by these conditions. Behavior and the adult sexual development As the adolescent moves into adulthood these conditions can also have affects on the behavior. An excess of testosterone can cause increased aggravation. An excess of estrogen can cause an increase in feminization. Not all men behave the way society believes that they should and not all women behave the way society believes that they should. The hormone imbalances during the prenatal stage and puberty as well as some environmental effect can be determined to lead to intersexuality, bisexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality. Biological changes in sexual development â€Å"The prediction that sex differences must exist in the human brain comes from at least three different types of observations: men and women (or boys and girls) differ predictably in (1) behavioral traits (e. . , aggression, juvenile play); (2) average cogniti ve abilities; and (3) the incidence of neurological and psychiatric disorders† (In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002). â€Å"Regardless of whether these differences are due to genes, hormones, socialization, or the confluence of all three, sex differences in behavior, neuropathology, and cognitive performance must be reflected by sex differences present someplace in the nervous system† (In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002). In the human preoptic area of the hypothalamus there are four nuclei known as the interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH 1–4) (Wickens, 2005). There are differences in two of these four nuclei that are associated with sexual differences. INAH 1 and 4 are the same in both males and females. The other two are larger in males, but some homosexual males have had smaller INAH 2 and 3. While it is still controversial the differences in the human brain can either be said to cause homosexuality and other sexual identities o r a result of them. While there are many differences in the human brain such as overall size, â€Å"many sex differences are likely to exist in more subtle features of the brain, such as neural connectivity or neurochemistry† (In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002). References: In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain. (2002). Retrieved June 10, 2010, from https://www. credoreference. com/entry/esthumanbrain Spencer A. Rathus, J. S. -R. (2005). Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity, sixth edition. Allyn and Bacon, Pearson Education, Inc. Wickens, A. (2005). Foundations of Biopsychology, Second Edition. Prentice-Hall. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adult Sexual Development" essay for you Create order

Intergenerational Mobility From Sri Lanka - 982 Words

Intergenerational Mobility; from Sri Lanka to Canada My father was a farmer in Sri Lanka and due to his financial situation, he couldn’t attain a proper education. After he immigrated to Canada he worked as a chef at a restaurant and he had financial stability. As a result of an unforeseen car accident, he lost his well-paying job and he works currently as a janitor for minimum wage. I might experience intergenerational mobility as I am currently studying in university with aspirations to become a lawyer. Through this paper I will use the theoretical perspective of conflict theory to analyse how intergenerational mobility can take place. In comparison to the Sri Lankan social structures and education system, the related Canadian system in present time is more fluid and open. This comparison of time periods was chosen because this is the time my father was my age. My current part-time work as a Wal-Mart associate has a higher social prestigious level then my father’s janitorial position. It is a higher social prestigious level because, I handle money and engage in social interaction. In this case, I have already experienced a small amount of intergenerational mobility. This is social mobility because for me this is entry level work and the intention to not work there for the rest of my life, whereas for my father it is his final career. If I manage to become a lawyer, this would mean that I have experienced a significant amount of intergenerational mobility. One of theShow MoreRelatedState Crime, Rape, And Victimization2011 Words   |  9 Pagescountry, which they are not citizens, thus have no voice in creating a change. The labor demographic in question in this study focuses on women. At least 146,000 female migrant domestic workers, possibly many more from countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Ethiopia, work in the UAE, and are victims of abuse (Human Rights Watch, 2014). The UAE allows for abuses to these socially powerless women, by protecting the rights of the abuser and not the victimRead MoreA Case Of State Crime3045 Words   |  13 Pagescountry, which they are not citizens, thus have no voice in creating a change. The labor demographic in question in this study focuses on women. At least 146,000 female migrant domestic workers, possibly many more from countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Ethiopia, work in the UAE, and are victims of abuse (Human Rights Watch, 2014). The UAE allows for abuses to these socially powerless women, by protecting the rights of the abuser and not the victim

An Investigation of Vibrio Cholera Free Essays

I chose to investigate Vibrio cholerae from the genus Vibrio because I found that V. cholerae was a very interesting bacteria. According to our textbook, (Prescott’s Principles of Microbiology by Willey Joanne, Woolverton Chris, Sherwood Linda), V. We will write a custom essay sample on An Investigation of Vibrio Cholera or any similar topic only for you Order Now cholerae has caused seven pandemics in various parts of the world, especially Asia, the Middle East and Africa. According to the 2009 Cholera annual report from the World Health Organization, (Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2010, 85(31):293-308), the US experienced less than 20 cases while around the world 45 countries experienced 221226 cases including 4946 deaths. In 1883 Robert Koch, who is considered by our text and many others to be one of the founders of microbiology identified the Vibrio bacterium that caused cholera. Koch believed that the key to prevention was to improve hygiene and in sanitary drinking water. This is the reason that there are so few cases in the United States per year, because we have a high degree of sanitary drinking water throughout the United States. Our textbook describes its taxonomy as being one of many serogroups, the textbook identifies V. cholerae O1 and 0139 to be one of two serogroups that cause epidemics. V. cholerae O1 also has two sterotypes and two biotypes. In 1992, the new strain, 0139 was discovered in Asia, but for the first time in recorded history, the 0139 strain actually displaced the 01 serogroup in India. Some of the genus Vibrio characteristics are that they are capable of fermentative and oxidative metabolism. According to Bergey’s Manual, they are related to enteric bacteria and Pseudomonadaceae and they are considered to be â€Å"Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-negative Rods† and on the level with the Family Enterobacteriaceae. Read Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics Vibrios are distinguished from enterics by being oxidase-positive and motile by means of polar flagella. V. cholerae as infectious bacteria, have the same goals as any other organism, to invade and infect the hose, to replicate and to transfer to another host. There are only a few ways that V. cholerae invade the human body. First, according to our text, it is transmitted through contaminated water that has been contaminated with fecal material containing V. cholerae from infected individuals. Such an outbreak is occurring right now in Haiti. The source of the contamination can be from other cholera sufferer’s untreated diarrheal discharge into waterways or into groundwater or drinking water supplies. Because of the earthquake that occurred in Haiti the sanitary conditions of the water is probably the main source of transmission. A second way for transmission of V. cholerae to individuals is through contaminated food, either from fecal matter on the food from an infected individual or perhaps an infected individual that does not have good hygiene handling food and infecting others. The third way that an individual can be exposed to V. cholerae, is through eating raw improperly cooked shellfish that were harvested in fecal-polluted coastal waters or even from shellfish that were harvested from non fecal-polluted waters and either undercooked or re-contaminated after cooking. In the United States this is usually how individuals are infected, this is because V. cholera is one of the most common bacteria found in surface waters. Strains have been found in marine coastal areas and in warmer estuaries in the United States. According to the FDA, â€Å"The Bad Bug Book†, (www. fda. gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/default. htm). Once an individual has been infected and the bacteria is now inside the host, it has to survive the upper GI tract, which usually is very good at defending against invasion. Unfortunately for the host, cholera can grow very well in a high salt and low pH environment. The bacterial incubation period is usually from 12 to 72 hours. When the bacteria get past the upper GI tract, they avoid the immune system by using their polysaccharide capsule which makes phagocytosis by the host immune system very difficult and will allow the bacteria to continue to replicate. It colonizes the small intestine The bacteria are not harmed by the strong stomach acid of the infected individual because of the polysaccharide capsule and attach themselves to the intestinal wall of the small intestine. They secrete a cholera toxin, called choleragen. The bacteria are not invasive and the toxin that is secreted enters the intestinal epithelial cells, adding an ADP-ribosyl group, like pertussis toxin does which activated the enzyme adenylate cyclase which triggers the hypersectretion of water and choride ions and preventing sodium ions from being absorbed. The results are that the infected individual starts to lose large amounts of fluids, through vomiting, and a high amount of watery diarrhea. The individual will have painful stomach cramps and nausea and may lose up to 10 to 15 litres of fluid during the course of the infection. The large amounts of fluid loss, is usually referred to as â€Å"rice-water,† and the diarrhea fluid contaminates water used by other individuals causing others to be infected as well. The amount of fluid loss that the individual loses can be large enough that the individual may have high levels of blood proteins and can lead to death from circulatory shock. In the intestinal tract V. cholerae can stimulate bacterial genes that can increase infectivity of subsequent hosts. The process is not well known, but the stimulated genes prepare the bacteria to be better, more infective colonizers in subsequent hosts. his process may be integral to fueling future epidemics. According to a paper published in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA in September 2006, that V. cholera cells will adjust to the host they invaded. They will â€Å"rearrange their transcriptional profile†, to adjust to the human host from the aquatic environment. It’s ability to infect and multiply within a host re gardless of the range of environmental conditions. In studies on bacterial pathogenesis, virulence genes are usually the focus which is essential for pathogenesis. The findings of this paper showed that the repression of MSHA pilus production suggested that not only is it critical for colonization but is also critical to the role in bacterial pathogenesis. It appears from the article that MSHA repression is critical in the early stages of the infection, to evade the host’s innate immune response. so when you think of V. cholera it is a very successful human pathogen because of transcriptional regulation and using a set of wide responses that are flexible so that the bacteria can respond to a wide ranging environment. How to cite An Investigation of Vibrio Cholera, Papers

Material Processing of Chemically †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Material Processing of Chemically. Answer: Intoduction: It is very crucial to address the current workplace challenge in order to resolve the issue on the right time. Furthermore, for addressing workplace challenge, management is required to find the potential solutions for the same. Moreover, solutions can be obtained by analyzing the environment and nature of the problems (Grueber and et al., 2011). Thus, this report describes the development of series of 5 conceptswhich demonstrates the potential solution for addressing the workplace challenges. Moreover, in deep the report describes the nature of challenge and its overall impact over the customers/ organization. After description 5 solutions for resolving the challenge have been listed down. Along with that, identification of 2 probable and the rest possible solutions have been done (Auckland Airport jet fuel crisis, 2017). On using the probable solution, SWOT analysis have been carried out and then hierarchal decomposition plan have been laid down. This has been done in order to avoi d the workplace challenges at the starting stage only. Auckland Airport which is located in New Zealand is facing the current challenge of fuel crisis. This is a major challenge for the organization and due to which flights are getting cancelled which is highly impacting the customers flying to various destinations. Further, the nature of this challenge is severe and it requires to be addressed on an urgent basis (Treangen and Salzberg, 2012). The reason for this crisis is the cut pipeline which is a major cause for a jet fuel shortage at Auckland Airport. Further, the information has been received that a fuel pipeline which supplies fuel to Auckland so far had been damaged. Moreover, a 168 kilometer long pipeline is out of action since 14th September, 2017which used tosupplyjet fuel, petrol and diesel from the Marsden Point refinery in Northland to tanks in Wiri, Auckland. It is believed that the pipeline is hit by a digger which is being used for extracting swamp kauri near Ruakaka. On the same day, the customers of pipeline that are B P, Mobil and Z Energy and also the Energy Minister Judith Collins were alerted regarding the situation. Moreover, Prime Minister Bill English have been received a high level briefing on Sunday. However, the damage has occurred months ago but finally failed on 14th September. Moreover, 70,000 litersof fuel got spilled despite the shut-down of the pipe within 15 minutes. This crisis which has been caused due to cut pipeline had a very worst impact on the customers as well as on the organization. Due to this crisis, flights are getting cancelled suddenly and customers are informed on short notice. Customers who are travelling for emergency and for other reasons are suffering a lot (Zeng and et al., 2010). Moreover, the mails and couriers from overseas are also not getting delivered due to this issue. In addition to this, reputation of flights is getting down due to this crisis. Along with that, Airports reputation is getting degraded as they were unaware about the issue from long time. Due to this carelessness, customers are suffering because they cannot fly to their destinations. Listing five solutions for the above mentioned challenge There are 5 solutions which have been suggested to the company in order to address the current challenge at the workplace. It is essential for the company to address the issue on an urgent basis in order to eliminate the impact which is coming over the customers as well as on the organization. These 5 solutions for the Auckland Airport fuel crisis have been listed as follows: For addressing the crucial issue that is stoppage of all the flights, airport authority must address the issue on immediate basis. For this aspect, airport authority should import the fuel from other origin on an urgent basis. However, this will add the cost to the firm but will resolve the solution for temporary basis (Taleb and Kunz, 2012). They can gather the fuel from nearest place and store them in their tanks until the pipeline does not get repaired. The airport authority can use the oil in little quantity and move the customers on their other airports of the country so that they can reach their destination immediately. By doing this, the airport authority can save on the fuel and more flights could be avail to them in order to empty the pending slots of customers (Taleb, 2014). In order to eliminate the impact over the customers who have been informed on a short notice, airport authority must provide hem accommodation and food so that they can rest there until the next flight does not take off. This will help in reducing the bad impact on the customers and they will not carry the bad impression of the organization and regarding the flight when they move further. For addressing the current challenge, airport authority should also focus on managing the cancellation of flights as per their urgency (Dawoud,Takouna and Meinel, 2010). It means that, customer of the flight which is going to be cancelled, should be informed prior so that they do not waste their time while coming to airport. The last but not the least solution is that the airport authority must provide the pipeline maintenance work to other company so that it must be checked properly on a timely basis in order to avoid such issues in future. Identifying two Probable solution and the remaining possiblesolution There are in total 5 solutions which have been listed above for the current challenge prevailing in Auckland Airport in New Zealand. The challenge is that, airport authority is facing the issue of fuel crisis due to the cut in the fuel pipeline. Furthermore, the company is facing the issue of fuel crisis which have occur due to the distract in fuel pipeline which is supplying fuel from Marsden Point refinery in Northland to tanks in Wiri, Auckland (Boardman, 2013). Due to this crisis, all the flights flying from this point is getting cancelled and this is hampering the customers in many ways. Furthermore, to reduce the immediate as well as the long term effect, 5 solutions have been suggested to the airport authority. However, to stop the immediate impact, majorly 2 suggestions have been given priority and those two along with their reasons have been listed below: The first probable solution for the current challenge is the acquisition of fuel from the nearest source so that they can fly the flights and send those customers who have urgency. This solution has been taken as probable because it is the immediate action for this problem (Cspedes, Shen and Lazo, 2011). Moreover, to abandon all the flights, it is essential to hire fuel from other nearest source so that some flights can be started and emergency customers could be sent to their destinations. This will also help to not get the bad impression about the airport authority and the airlines company. The second probable solution which the airport authority can chose is the movement of customers to nearest airport so that they can take flight from their and can flight to their destinations. The reason behind the choice of this solution is that, the fuel which hasbeen hired from the other source can be saved for longer time until the pipeline does not get fixed (Luo, Kim and Huang, 2013). It is because, flight need to travel for long distance and they can drop the customers to the nearest airports. Furthermore, this will help all he customers to reach their destination without any obstacle. Selection of the effective solution for the further analysis along with reasons for its preference As the Auckland Airport of the New Zealand is facing issue concerning fuel and it is challenging for the nation to handle this problem in a proper manner. This issue is decreasing the reputation of the airport among the national and international people. With respect to the question, best suitable option from the above suggested two solutions for the airport authority is to acquisition of fuel from the nearest source so that they can fly the flights and send those customers who have urgency. This solution is preferable because it will help in addressing those clients who have an emergency to reach their destinations at the time they want to. It will be quite difficult for the airport authority to acquisition the oil, but this will help in maintaining the trust of the people. Along with this, Auckland airport will able to take immediate action for the occurred problem which will somehow prevent it from developing lousy impression over the individuals. Although flights for the long dis tance will have to cancel due to the unavailability of the required quantity of oil but sending of clients having urgency will lead to handling the situation properly. On the other hand, it will be complicated for the airport authority to manage the angry customers whose flights have been canceled. In context to this, the administration can offer some discount, room facility, transportation, etc. to those people who are unable to reach their desired destination. This strategy will help in satisfying the needs and demands of the angry customers (Bourriaud, 2015). In addition to the above, Airport can able to fly its flights to the nearby places this will result in some ongoing earning process. This crisis can decline the profit margin of the airport, but the implementation of the suggested solution will keep some earning from the customers. People who want to visit nearby places can use the facility of the Auckland Airport. It is better to fulfill needs and demands of some clients by offering them quality services rather than moving all clients to another nearby airport. It will be a painful process for the airport to transfer all the available customers to a nearby airport and to manage them effectively. This can result to affect the service quality of another airport and will disturb their ongoing processes. In addition to it, it is also involved in providing seats in the available flights of another airport as they can be full. In such situation, Auckland Airport may have to face some bad comments, poor impression, etc. from the customers which will result to decline its brand image and reputation among the people of the world. Thus, acquisition of the fuel from the nearer place is the right solution for handling the oil crisis at the Auckland Airport in the New Zealand. This will also prevent flight companies offering services to the nearby places to affect their business. So, this strategy will also lead to maintain the satisfaction level of the flight companies as well (Ghorbel Souissi, 2016). Further Analysis required for the selected solution: For the chosen resolution of acquisition of fuel from the nearest source, Auckland airport will have to conduct the new analysis. This analysis will include the following points: Research: Airport authority will have to perform research for identifying nearer sources for hiring fuel for the flights. This can be done by performing online analysis of the nearby places which will help in preventing wastage of time and money (Svoren?k, 2016). Customer Feedback: Authority will have to collect reviews of the customers for knowing their reactions regarding the selected strategy. This method will provide aware airport about the accuracy of their solution as per the requirements of the people. Auckland Airport can use feedback forms for customers to fill them by answering the listed questions. Costing: Senior management of the airport will have to analyze the costing of hiring the oil from nearer sources in an emergency situation. This information will make managers decide whether they can afford the fuel price or not. Along with this, senior management will also have to identify lose of oil crisis for analyzing the impact of the occurred situation. Information for the flights: Authority will have to collect information regarding the trips which offer long-distance flying and flights providing nearby place flying services. This information will help management to segregate flights as per the required situation (Witze, Morello Turner,2014). A detailed SWOT Analysis: SWOT, i.e. (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis aware about the current situation of the internal working environment of the organization. This inform about what is right and what is wrong for the companys growth and development. SWOT analysis for a selected solution for oil crisis is as follows: Strength: This resolution will help in maintaining the impression, brand value, and reputation of the airport among the customers. Along with this, it will also make essential clients to visit their destinations which will work as a plus point for the authority. On the other hand, flight companies offering services to the nearby locations will also not face any lose (Onoh, 2017). Weakness: Airport will have to conduct research which is time-consuming and can affect the patience of customers. Along with this, the hiring of oil from the nearer source in urgency will cost higher than the actual price and authority will have to pay for handling the situation. Opportunities: Development of soft corner among the customer which can lead to increase their number. The impressive image in front of the government of the New Zealand which will help in offering finance for handling the situation. Threats: Nearby airports can take advantages of this situation for gaining competitive benefits. Lousy impression over the clients can affect the global image of the airport (Vargo, Basilaia Shaw, 2015). Hierarchical decomposition plan Decomposition of the selected approach will help in better management and control of the oil crisis occurred at the airport of the New Zealand. The method for the solution is as follows: Airport Authority (Level 1): This is at the top of the plan which will later decompose into different sections. It will decompose the work into the customers, flights, staff members and planning and scheduling activity as per their expertise and skills. These crumbled parts come under the level 2 of the hierarchical decomposition plan (Le D Gaillard, 2017). This will include the list of customers, their emergency condition, places they are visiting and reviews regarding the selected solution. Senior management will create a plan, budget and coordination activities for handling the situation via hiring oil from nearer source. They will handle the customers by resolving their queries efficiently. Employees will also make necessary arrangements for controlling the angry customers needs and demands. Other services: This decomposition part will consist of different services like room facility, transportation, ticket offers, etc. to the angry clients (Walters, 2017). Conclusion The above study concluded about the oil crisis occurred at Auckland airport of the New Zealand. Out of the five suggestions, one most effective and suitable is selected for handling the situation most appropriately. The chosen solution is the acquisition of the oil from the nearer sources for providing an opportunity to the important clients to visit their nearby destinations. This solution will help airport authority in handling its problem and preventing its global image from being destroying. References Boardman, B., 2013.Fixing fuel poverty: challenges and solutions.Routledge. Bourriaud, N. (2015). 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Disaster risk reduction and emergency management in prison: A scoping study from New Zealand.Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. Luo, J., Kim, J. and Huang, J., 2013. Material processing of chemically modified graphene: some challenges and solutions.Accounts of chemical research,46(10), pp.2225-2234. Onoh, J. K. (2017).The Nigerian oil economy: From prosperity to glut. Routledge. Svoren?k, A. (2016). Allocating Airport Slots-The History of Early Applied Experimental Research. Taleb, T. and Kunz, A., 2012. Machine type communications in 3GPP networks: potential, challenges, and solutions.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(3). Taleb, T., 2014. Toward carrier cloud: Potential, challenges, and solutions.IEEE Wireless Communications,21(3), pp.80-91. Treangen, T.J. and Salzberg, S.L., 2012. Repetitive DNA and next-generation sequencing: computational challenges and solutions.Nature reviews. Genetics,13(1), p.36. Vargo, C. J., Basilaia, E., Shaw, D. L. (2015). Event versus issue: Twitter reflections of major news, a case study. InCommunication and Information Technologies Annual(pp. 215-239). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. voren?k, A. (2016). Allocating Airport Slots-The History of Early Applied Experimental Research. Walters, T. (2017). Caves to castles: the development of second home practices in New Zealand.Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 1-15. Witze, A., Morello, L., Turner, M. (2014). CRISIS COUNSELLORS.Nature,512(7515), 360. Zeng, Y. and et al., 2010. A review on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: challenges and solutions.EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,2010(1), p.381465. Auckland Airport jet fuel crisis. 2017. [Online]. Available Through https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/travel-troubles/97071524/auckland-airport-jet-fuel-crisis-this-aint-no-airmageddon. [Accessed on 9th October, 2017].